Building-wall structure



Aug. 24 1926'. 1,597, 110

w. D. RICHARDSON BUILDING WALL STRUCTURE Filed Feb. 25, 1925 awaaaeea MKD. E/c/measo/v INVENTOR- Ml 5 fi f 4 A TTORNEYS.

a building wall having a glazed brick ex-' Patented Aug. 24, 1925.

VILLARD D. RICHARDSON, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

BUILDING-WALL STRUCTURE.

Application filed February 25, 1925. Serial No. 11,545.

My invention relates to a building wall structure and is particularly concerned with the provision of a facing surface of any de sired color and texture to be employed where terior is desired.

In the past, it has beenthe practice when constructing building or other walls having an exterior facing of finer material than the body of the wall, to construct the body portion of the wall from ordinary bricks and then to place a course of facing bricks of the desired color and texture on the exterior. This practice has necessitated the buying, transportation and handling of facing bricks of standard size, and since facing bricks are not ordinarily so easily obtained as common building bricks it has sometimes been necessary to transport them great distances at an almost prohibitive cost. Furthermore, the initial cost of standard size facing bricks is relatively higher than that of common bricks because of the higher grade material and the more careful and expensive processes necessary to produce the same. 7

My invention contemplates the construction of faced brick walls from facing bricks which are less expensive than those ordinarily employed, though of equal quality and texture. Both sizes of bricks employed in my novel wall structure are preferably perforated to reduce the weight, but further, only half of the facing bricks are of standard size, the others being preferably less.v

than half the size of a standard brick. Because of the arrangement of units in my novel wall structure, the manner of bonding the units and the employment of a substantial burden bearing unit, it is possible to make the facing units much lighter in weight because very little of the actual building weight is supported by them. I

The primary object of my invention is to provide wall facing materials which are lighter in weight, cheaper in first cost. and from which a wall having the desired exterior facing can be built much more cheaply than where standard size facing bricks are used.

A further object of my invention is the construction of a fireproof building wall having confined air spaces between the burden bearing and facing units thereof, which spaces will form an insulating means for the building and prevent the heatfrom being carried away by convection currents. This structural feature also results in a substantial and durable wall which, because of its arrangement and hollow construction, presents a great saving in material'and labor.

A still further object of my invention is to construct a building wall in such a manner that continuous mortar joints between the exterior and the interior of the wall will be eliminated. Continuous mortar joints act as capillary paths and conduct moisture from the exterior of the wall to the interior thereof, where it often results in loosening or damaging the plaster or paper with which the'interior of the wall may be covered.

Many other features of my invention will be apparent as this' description progresses and will be brought out in the claims appended hereto. The various objects of my invention are preferably obtained by the structure illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of the small facing brick used to construct alternate courses of my novel building wall.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of the large facing brick, which ispreferably of standard size.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a wall constructed and faced according to my in vention.

Figure 4 is a vertical section of a wall constructed according to my invention, and showing the manner of arranging the vari ous courses of bricks where standard sized bricks are used forthe burden bearing unit.

Figure 5 is a vertical section of my building wall showing the method of construct ing and arranging the various courses where 'tllQS are used for forming the burden bearing unit. a p

In the drawings and with particular reference to Figures 8 and 4, my invention is shown as comprising a plurality of vertical parallel bonded courses of bricks which are secured to each other by alternate courses of header bricks. Two units A and B are shown; A being a burden bearing structure comprising alternate layers of stretchers l and headers 2 bonded with mortar. Extending parallel with the burden bearing structure A is a vertical course of facing bricks B formed as shown in Figure 4 of alternatecourses of standard size perforated facing bricks 3, which are disposed between and bonded to the headers 2 of the burden bearing unit A.

Opposite the ends of the headers 2 of the unit- A and disposed between the standard sized facing bricks 3 are the facing bric rs t. These facing bricks l have approximately half, or less than half of, the bearing surface of a standard sized brick; the other dimensions being preferably the as astandard brick. The facing bricks 3 and d are'preferably perforated to reduce the weight, since it is desirable that this facing unit support only a small percentage of the total building weight. It is understoodthat the e 't form of the-facing bricks, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the'size and shape of the perforations therein may vary considerably and that if desired the facing bricks and a: may be formed solid.

In Figure 5, l have shown a modified method of constructing my building wall str cture, which may be used when the burden bearing unit A; is'built up largely of hollow tiles or blocks instead of standard" bricks. in this case, two of the smaller facing bricks t placed opposite the end of the tile headers 2 of the burden bearing unit A.

I will be noted in- Figures 3, l and 5 that the bonding mortar 5 between the bricks does not extend entirely through the Wall and that at no place is there acontinuous mortar joint which might act as a capillary path to conduct n'ioisturefrom the exterior of the wall to the interior. It will also be noted that the building wall as constructed is formed with insulating air cushions 6 between the burden bearing or interior surface A of the wall and the facing or exterior surface B. It is well known that dead or quiescent air is a good insulator and a poor conductor of heat. The alternate courses of header bricks 2 between the burden bearing and facing units will also prevent convection of the heat between these two units.

From the foregoing description, it will be obvious that l have produced a building wall st ucture which can be lDEBXPG'QSlVGlj/ faced with bricks of the desired color and texture, a building wall which is effectively 'isulated against movement ofheat therethrough; and a wall structure which has ob- V 'which results in much damage to the interior surface, weakens the walls and makes the interior ofa-- building damp and disagreeable.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

l. A. wall structure comprising a burden bearing unit formedof alternate courses ofheaders and stretchers of standard size, a' parallel facing unit formed in part of standard sized facingbricks positioned between the header courses of said burden bearing unit and formed in part with courses narrower facing bricksbbnded tothe ends of the headers-of the bur;den'bear} ,1 unit ;y the standardsized-courses as acii-i bllC'kS-r 2. a. wall structure comprising an inner wall formed of courses of headers"and stretchers and an outer parallel wallbondlad to the header courses of the inner'wall and ormed in partof standard sized u'nit s- 1 part of units, two of the dimensions or which are standard and the third dimen sion or bearing surfaces less than half standard.- i

3. I; wall bearing unit formed of alternate course's-ofheaders and stretcher-s, a parallel facing unit formed in part of standard sized facing bricks partially positioned between the header courses of said burden-bearing unitand alternatingwith courses of smaller facing bricks bonded to the ends of theheaders" of the burden-bearing unit by the courses of standard sized'facingbricks.

&. 2i wall structure comprising unit constructed of standard size pieces, alternate rows of which pieces project beyond the rows which they embrace, andafacing unit com rising standard facing brick, alternaterows of which facingbricks embrace suchprojecting rows and themselves further project, and comprising smaller facing bricksembraced by the projecting portions of said standard facing bricks.

In testimony whereof I, iereby signature.

WILLARD D. RICHARDSON.

affix my structure comprisinga burden 

